Maintaining Ethical Standards

The ethical issues that I am faced with are, although am a trousseaux counselor, I still sympathize with what the couple is going through especially since a child is involved. Helping the couple will take a lot of work. First I would sit both of them down and listen to everything that they are going through. I would give them the pros of staying together in the state, then I would give them the con, because the state we are in does not recognize same-sex marriage, they would lose their benefits; such as tax benefits, health and social security benefits.In the case of discrimination, the state will not offer any kind of recourse because the state law itself won't accept the marriage. Would then discuss with the couple, the custody battle with Emily s parents. First would recommend that if it was k with Lois, Emily should have a one and one conversation with her parents. Another suggestion would for the couple to sit down with the grandparents and without throwing their sexuality in th eir faces, simply explain to them, that even though they are gay, they are capable of being good parents. It would be best to not be pushy and listen to the concerns of the grandparents.If that didn't work then I would talk with the parents, sometimes a person outside of he equation can shed a little light on the issue. Rebecca Farrell (personal communication, March 20, 2009) points out that this case also involves custody issues that are challenging when counseling a same-sex couple. If all that fails and the grandparents decide to pursue the custody, I would suggest for them to seek legal advice. For their safety from the neighbors and others that are interfering with them, I would suggest that they go to the area police station and make a statement, so the police can know their lives might be in danger.

92-Tricks of Communication-Leil Lowndes

Technique #1 The Flooding Smile Don’t ? ash an immediate smile when you greet someone, as though anyone who walked into your line of sight would be the bene? ciary. Instead, look at the other person’s face for a second. Pause. Soak in their persona. Then let a big, warm, responsive smile ? ood over your face and over? ow into your eyes. It will engulf the recipient like a warm wave. The split-second delay convinces people your ? ooding smile is genuine and only for them. Technique #2 Sticky Eyes Pretend your eyes are glued to your conversation partner’s with sticky warm taffy. Don’t break eye contact even after he or she has ? ished speaking. When you must look away, do it ever so slowly, reluctantly, stretching the gooey taffy until the tiny string ? nally breaks. Technique #3 Epoxy Eyes ( dusray key baatay suntay suntay dusro say nazray melena chahtay hai .. toh yeh trick kaam key hai ) This brazen technique packs a powerful punch. Watch your target pers on even when someone else is talking. No matter who is speaking, keep looking at the man or woman you want to impact. Technique #4 Hang by Your Teeth ( BHAIYA JI , SMILE ) Visualize a circus iron-jaw bit hanging from the frame of every door you walk through. Take a bite and, with it ? mly between your teeth, let it swoop you to the peak of the big top. When you hang by your teeth, every muscle is stretched into perfect posture position. Technique #5 The Big-Baby Pivot Give everyone you meet The Big-Baby Pivot. The instant the two of you are introduced, reward your new acquaintance. Give the warm smile, the total-body turn, and the undivided attention you would give a tiny tyke who crawled up to your feet, turned a precious face up to yours, and beamed a big toothless grin. Pivoting 100 percent toward the new person shouts â€Å"I think you are very, very special. † Technique #6 Hello Old Friend ( DOSTANA DUDE ) When meeting someone, imagine he or she is an old friend (an old customer, an old beloved, or someone else you had great affection for). How sad, the vicis- situdes of life tore you two asunder. But, holy mack- erel, now the party (the meeting, the convention) has reunited you with your long-lost old friend! The joyful experience starts a remarkable chain reaction in your body from the subconscious softening of your eyebrows to the positioning of your toes—and everything between. Technique #7 Limit the Fidget ( KHUJLEE MAT KARNA baat kartay samay) Whenever your conversation really counts, let your nose tch, your ear tingle, or your foot prickle. Do not ?dget, twitch, wiggle, squirm, or scratch. And above all, keep your paws away from your puss. Hand motions near your face and all ? dgeting can give your listener the gut feeling you’re ? bbing. Technique #8 Hans’s Horse Sense ( ghoday key tarah bano 😛 hamesha pehlay Sunoo, socho fir bolo) Make it a habit t o get on a dual track while talking. Express yourself, but keep a keen eye on how your listener is reacting to what you’re saying. Then plan your moves accordingly. If a horse can do it, so can a human. People will say you pick up on everything. You never miss a trick. You’ve got horse sense Technique #9 Watch the Scene Before You Make the Scene ( be lyk RAJNIKAANTH†¦ LOL ) Rehearse being the Super Somebody you want to be ahead of time. SEE yourself walking around with Hang by Your Teeth posture, shaking hands, smiling the Flooding Smile, and making Sticky Eyes. HEAR your- self chatting comfortably with everyone. FEEL the pleasure of knowing you are in peak form and everyone is gravitating toward you. VISUALIZE yourself a Super Somebody. Then it all happens automatically. Technique #10 Make a Mood Match ( YO boyz†¦:P make a mood match bro.. ) Before opening your mouth, take a â€Å"voice sample† of our listener to detect his or her state of mind. Take a â€Å"psychic photograph† of the expression to see if your listener looks buoyant, bored, or blitzed. If you ever want to bring people around to your thoughts, you must match their mood and voice tone, if only for a moment. Technique #11 Prosaic with Passion ( first im pression is last impression) Worried about your ? rst words? Fear not, because 80 percent of your listener’s impression has nothing to do with your words anyway. Almost anything you say at ?rst is ? ne. No matter how prosaic the text, an empathetic mood, a positive demeanor, and passionate delivery make you sound exciting. Technique #12 Always Wear a Whatzit ( CHENDHA KARNA ) Whenever you go to a gathering, wear or carry something unusual to give people who ? nd you the delightful stranger across the crowded room an excuse to approach. â€Å"Excuse me, I couldn’t help but notice your . . . what IS that? † Technique #13 Whoozat ( for starting a consversation) Whoozat is the most effective, least used (by non- politicians) meeting-people device ever contrived. Simply ask the party giver to make the introduction, or pump for a few facts that you can immediately turn into icebreakers. Technique #14 Eavesdrop In No Whatzit? No host for Whoozat? No problem! Just sidle up behind the swarm of folks you want to in? l- trate and open your ears. Wait for any ? imsy excuse and jump in with â€Å"Excuse me, I couldn’t help but overhear. . . .† Will they be taken aback? Momentarily. Will they get over it? Momentarily. Will you be in the conversation? Absolutely! Technique #15 Never the Naked City ( Apnay rehnay key jagah ko achi jagh say compare karna chaiyay ) supificial SAKINAKA ) Whenever someone asks you the inevitable, â€Å"And where are you from? † never, ever, unfairly challenge their powers of imagination with a one-word answer. Learn some engaging facts about your hometown hat conversational partners can comment on. Then, when they say something clever in response to your bait, they think you’re a great conversationalist. Technique #16 Never the Naked Job ( if sum1 ask†¦ what do you do? To koi raaapchik word uskay saath adjective may daalnay apnay topic related thok daalnay ka :P) When aske d the inevitable â€Å"And what do you do,† you may think â€Å"I’m an economist/an educator/an engineer† is giving enough information to engender good conversation. However, to one who is not an economist, educator, or an engineer, you might as well be saying â€Å"I’m a paleontologist/psychoanalyst/pornographer. Flesh it out. Throw out some delicious facts about your job for new acquaintances to munch on. Otherwise, they’ll soon excuse themselves, preferring the snacks back at the cheese tray. Technique #17 Never the Naked Introduction ( batey karna sikhoo logo k saamnay.. gungay key tarah khaday mat rahoo ) When introducing people, don’t throw out an unbaited hook and stand there grinning like a big clam, leaving the newlymets to ? utter their ? ns and ? sh for a topic. Bait the conversational hook to get them in the swim of things. Then you’re free to stay or ? oat on to the next networking opportunity. Technique #18 Be a Word Detective ( kaaan khullaa raknay ka,aur uski baato say hint lekar TOPIC nikaal na kaa†¦ samja kya ? ) Like a good gumshoe, listen to your conversation partner’s every word for clues to his or her preferred topic. The evidence is bound to slip out. Then spring on that subject like a sleuth on to a slip of the tongue. Like Sherlock Holmes, you have the clue to the subject that’s hot for the other person. Technique #19 The Swiveling Spotlight When you meet someone, imagine a giant revolving spotlight between you. When you’re talking, the spotlight is on you. When the new person is speaking, it’s shining on him or her. If you shine it brightly enough, the stranger will be blinded to the fact that you have hardly said a word about yourself. The longer you keep it shining away from you, the more interesting he or she ? nds you. Technique #20 Parroting Never be left speechless again. Like a parrot, simply repeat the last few words your conversation partner says. That puts the ball right back in his or her court, and then all you need to do is listen. Technique #21 Encore! ( Koi achaa saa kissaa apni yaaado say dusro ko batana aur puchna kya apko yeh pasand aaya , hum firsay baatay ) The sweetest sound a performer can hear welling up ut of the applause is â€Å"Encore! Encore! Let’s hear it again! † The sweetest sound your conversation partner can hear from your lips when you’re talking with a group of people is â€Å"Tell them about the time you . . . † Whenever you’re at a meeting or party with someone important to you, think of some stories he or she told you. Cho ose an appropriate one from their repertoire that the crowd will enjoy. Then shine the spotlight by requesting a repeat performance. Technique #22 Ac-cen-tu-ate the Pos-i-tive ( a ache see smile chipkaa daaalnay ka,with +tve ness haan ) When ? rst meeting someone, lock your closet door and ave your skeletons for later. You and your new good friend can invite the skeletons out, have a good laugh, and dance over their bones later in the relationship. But now’s the time, as the old song says, to â€Å"ac-cen-tu-ate the pos-i-tive and elim-i-nate the neg-a-tive. † Technique #23 The Latest News . . . Don’t Leave Home Without It ( upto date rahoo†¦ BOLE toh TIP TOP) The last move to make before leaving for the party— even after you’ve given yourself ? nal approval in the mirror—is to turn on the radio news or scan your newspaper. Anything that happened today is good material. Knowing the big-deal news of the moment is lso a defensive move tha t rescues you from putting your foot in your mouth by asking what everybody’s talking about. Foot-in-mouth is not very tasty in public, especially when it’s surrounded by egg-on-face. The Right Way to Find Out So how do you ? nd out what someone does for a living? (I thought you’d never ask. ) You simply practice the following eight words. All together now: â€Å"How . . . do . . . you . . . spend . . . most . . . of . . . your . . . time? † Technique #24 What Do You Do—NOT! A sure sign you’re a Somebody is the conspicuous ab- sence of the question, â€Å"What do you do? † (You deter- ine this, of course, but not with those four dirty words that label you as either a ruthless networker, a social climber, a gold-digging husband or wife hunter, or someone who’s never strolled along Easy Street. ) Technique #25 The Nutshell Resume (apna character bhale he acha ho , alag alag log say miltay ho apna parichay badaltay raheyay†¦ lekin woh topic apna original ho†¦) Just as job-seeking top managers roll a different written resume off their printers for each position they’re applying for, let a different true story about your professional life roll off your tongue for each listener. Before responding to â€Å"What do you do? ask yourself, â€Å"What possible interest could this person have in my answer? Could he refer business to me? Buy from me? Hire me? Marry my sister? Become my buddy? † Wherever you go, pack a nutshell about your own life to work into your communications bag of tricks. Technique #26 Your Personal Thesaurus ( dude means that u shud use different words of same meaning in A COOL dude way†¦ ) Look up some common words you use every day in the thesaurus. Then, like slipping your feet into a new pair of shoes, slip your tongue into a few new words to see how they ? t. If you like them, start making permanent replacements. Remember, only ? fty words makes the difference between a rich, creative vocabulary and an average, middle-of-the-road one. Substitute a word a day for two months and you’ll be in the verbally elite. Technique #27 Kill the Quick â€Å"Me, Too! † ( jaldee mat kehna, mujay bhee but thoda wait karna chaiyay fir thoday tym k baad kehna chaiyay ) Whenever you have something in common with someone, the longer you wait to reveal it, the more moved (and impressed) he or she will be. You emerge as a con? dent big cat, not a lonely little stray, hungry for quick connection with a stranger. P. S. : Don’t wait too long to reveal your shared nterest or it will seem like you’re being tricky. Technique #28 Comm-YOU-nication ( pehlay aap ) Start every appropriate sentence with you. It immedi- ately grabs your listener’s attention. It gets a more positive response because it pushes the pride button and saves them having to translate it into â€Å"me† terms. W hen you sprinkle you as liberally as salt and pepper throughout your conversation, your listeners ?nd it an irresistible spice. Technique #29 The Exclusive Smile (use happydent sumtym LOL,issmile usee ko do JO hamay pasand aae ) If you ? ash everybody the same smile, like a Confed- erate dollar, it loses value. When meeting groups of people, grace each with a distinct smile. Let your smiles grow out of the beauty big players ? nd in each new face. If one person in a group is more important to you than the others, reserve an especially big, ? ooding smile just for him or her. Technique #30 Don’t Touch a Cliche with a Ten-Foot Pole ( koi NOOB jaisa word mat bhakna) Be on guard. Don’t use any cliches when chatting with big winners. Don’t even touch one with a ten-foot pole. Never? Not even when hell freezes over? Not unless you want to sound dumb as a doorknob. Instead of coughing up a cliche, roll your own clever phrases by using the next technique. Technique #31 Use Jawsmith’s Jive (Rhymin words but u Gotta be cool and only U ) Whether you’re standing behind a podium facing thousands or behind the barbecue grill facing your family, you’ll move, amuse, and motivate with the same skills. Read speakers’ books to cull quotations, pull pearls of wisdom, and get gems to tickle their funny bones. Find a few bon mots to let casually slide off your tongue on chosen occasions. If you want to be notable, dream up a crazy quotable. Make ’em rhyme, make ’em clever, or make ’em funny. Above all, make ’em relevant. Technique #32 Call a Spade a Spade ( bade log ko bade key tarah he maana chaiyay.. Don’t hide behind euphemisms. Call a spade a spade. That doesn’t mean big cats use tasteless four-letter words when perfectly decent ? ve- and six-letter ones exist. They’ve simply learned the King’s English, and they speak it. Here’s another way to tell the bi g players from the little ones just by listening to a few minutes of their conversation. Technique #33 Trash the Teasing ( kabhe bhe group talk may paiso so related Kisee aadmi par topic ya joke nahe karna chaiyay ) A dead giveaway of a little cat is his or her proclivity to tease. An innocent joke at someone else’s expense may get you a cheap laugh. Nevertheless, the big cats will ave the last one. Because you’ll bang your head against the glass ceiling they construct to keep little cats from stepping on their paws. Never, ever, make a joke at anyone else’s expense. You’ll wind up paying for it, dearly. Technique #34 It’s the Receiver’s Ball ( bad news ko smile,a relaxd whali breath k saath yaa thoda udaaseen ho expression kum he dikha kar batana chaiyay) A football player wouldn’t last two beats of the time clock if he made blind passes. A pro throws the ball with the receiver always in mind. Before throwing out any news, keep your receiver in mind. Then deliver it with a smile, a sigh, or a sob. Not ccording to how you feel about the news, but how the receiver will take it. Technique #35 The Broken Record (Pagaal ko log ko PAGAL banaanay ka ek he tarekaa,unchaahe baat puchnay par ek he baat ka REPETITION key jiyay) Whenever someone persists in questioning you on an unwelcome subject, simply repeat your original response. Use precisely the same words in precisely the same tone of voice. Hearing it again usually quiets them down. If your rude interrogator hangs on like a leech, your next repetition never fails to ? ick them off. Technique #36 Big Shots Don’t Slobber (fattu log key tarah mat khaday rayna†¦TAREEF jaldee say na karna.. alkee yeh kehna aap nay †¦ yeh sab kia mujay essay khushii mile DHANYAWAAD) .. People who are VIPs in their own right don’t slobber over celebrities. When you are chatting with one, don’t compliment her work, simply say how much pleasure or insight ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s given you. If you do single out any one of the star’s accomplishments, make sure it’s a recent one, not a memory that’s getting yellow in her scrapbook. If the queen bee has a drone sitting with her, ? nd a way to involve him in the conversation. Technique #37 Never the Naked Thank You ( thankU ko dilsay badachadakar bolo) Never let the phrase â€Å"thank you† stand alone. From A o Z, always follow it with for: from â€Å"Thank you for asking† to â€Å"Thank you for zipping me up. † Technique #38 Scramble Therapy ( do sumthin CRAZY bro†¦ ) Once a month, scramble your life. Do something you’d never dream of doing. Participate in a sport, go to an exhibition, hear a lecture on something totally out of your experience. You get 80 percent of the right lingo and insider questions from just one exposure. If you take a piece of blue litmus paper and dip it in a huge vat of acid, the tip turns pink. If you take another blue litm us paper and dip it into just one minuscule drop of acid on a glass slide, the tip turns just as pink. Compare this to participating in an activity just one time. A sampling gives you 80 percent of the conversa- tional value. You learn the insider’s questions to ask. You start using the right terms. You’ll never be at a loss again when the subject of extracurricular interests comes up—which it always does. Technique #39 Learn a Little Jobbledygook ( dude u gotta show interest in their lyf interest abt things which they lyk) Big winners speak Jobbledygook as a second language. What is Jobbledygook? It’s the language of other professions. Why speak it? It makes you sound like an insider. How do you learn it? You’ll ? d no Jobbledygook cassettes in the language section of your bookstore, but the lingo is easy to pick up. Simply ask a friend who speaks the lingo of the crowd you’ll be with to teach you a few opening questions. The words are few and the rewards are manifold. Technique #40 Baring Their Hot Button (PEOPLE k characters and status ko d ekhkar achay saawal pucho wid’out TENSION) Before jumping blindly into a bevy of bookbinders or a drove of dentists, ? nd out what the hot issues are in their ? elds. Every industry has burning concerns the outside world knows little about. Ask your informant to bare the industry buzz. Then, to heat the conversation up, push those buttons. Technique #41 Read Their Rags ( uska man pasand hobby dekho†¦ uskay bare may jaankar eekata karoo) Is your next big client a golfer, runner, swimmer, surfer, or skier? Are you attending a social function ? lled with accountants or Zen Buddhists—or anything in between? There are untold thousands of monthly magazines serving every imaginable interest. You can dish up more information than you’ll ever need to sound like an insider with anyone just by reading the rags that serve their racket. (Have you read your latest copy of Zoonooz yet? ) Technique #42 Clear â€Å"Customs† Before putting one toe on foreign soil, get a book on dos and taboos around the world. Before you shake hands, give a gift, make gestures, or even compliment anyone’s possessions, check it out. Your gaffe could gum up your entire gig. Technique #43 Bluffing for Bargains ( dude u wanna know the thing ,whaz it ? then buy it) PUCHtaach karo The haggling skills used in ancient Arab markets are alive and well in contemporary America for big-ticket items. Your price is much lower when you know how to deal. Before every big purchase, ? nd several vendors—a few to learn from and one to buy from. Armed with a ew words of industryese, you’re ready to head for the store where you’re going to buy. Technique #44 Be a Copyclass Watch people. Look at the way they move. Small movements? Big movements? Fast? Slow? Jerky? Fluid? Old? Young? Classy? Trashy? Pretend the person you are talking to is your danc instructor. Is he a jazzy mover? Is she a balletic mover? Watch his or her body, and then imitate the style of movement. That makes your conversation partner subliminally real comfy with you. Technique #45 Echoing Echoing is a simple linguistic technique that packs a powerful wallop. Listen to the speaker’s arbitrary choice f nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives—and echo them back. Hearing their words come out of your mouth creates subliminal rapport. It makes them feel you share their values, their attitudes, their interests, their experiences. Technique #46 Potent Imaging Does your customer have a garden? Talk about â€Å"sowing the seeds for success. † Does your boss own a boat? Tell him or her about a concept that will â€Å"hold water† or â€Å"stay a? oat. † Maybe he is a private pilot? Talk about a concept really â€Å"taking off. † She plays tennis? Tell her it really hits the â€Å"sweet spot. † Evoke your listener’s interests or lifestyle and weave images around it. To give your points more power and punch, use analogies from your listener’s world, not your own. Potent Imaging also tells your listeners you think like them and hints you share their interests. Technique #47 Employ Empathizers Don’t be an unconscious ummer. Vocalize complete sentences to show your understanding. Dust your dialogue with phrases like â€Å"I see what you mean. † Sprinkle it with sentimental sparklers like â€Å"That’s a lovely thing to say. † Your empathy impresses your listeners and encourages them to continue. Technique #48 Anatomically Correct Empathizers What part of their anatomy are your associates talking through? Their eyes? Their ears? Their gut? For visual people, use visual empathizers to make them think you see the world the way they do. For auditory folks, use auditory empathizers to make them think you hear them loud and clear. For kinesthetic types, use kinesthetic empathizers to make them think you feel the same way they do. #49 How to Make ’Em Think We (Instead of You vs. Me ) 1. Level One: Cliches Two strangers talking together primarily toss cliches back and forth. For instance, when chatting about the universally agreed- upon world’s dullest subject—the weather—one stranger might say to the other, â€Å"Beautiful sunny weather we’ve been having. Or, â€Å"Boy, some rain, huh? † That’s level one, cliches. 2. Level Two: Facts People who know each other but are just acquaintances often dis- cuss facts. â€Å"You know, Joe, we’ve had twice as many sunny days this year to date as last. † Or, â€Å"Yeah, well, we ? nally decided to pu t in a swimming pool to beat the heat. † 3. Level Three: Feelings and Personal Questions When people become friends, they often express their feelings to each other, even on subjects as dull as the weather. â€Å"George, I just love these sunny days. † They also ask each other personal ques- tions: â€Å"How about you, Betty? Are you a sun person? † 4. Level Four: We Statements Now we progress to the highest level of intimacy. This level is richer than facts and creates more rapport than feelings. It’s we and us statements. Friends discussing the weather might say, â€Å"If we keep having this good weather, it’ll be a great summer. † Lovers might say, â€Å"I hope this good weather keeps up for us so we can go swimming on our trip. † A technique to achieve the ultimate verbal intimacy grows out of this phenomenon. Simply use the word we prematurely. You can use it to make a client, a prospect, a stranger feel you are already friends. Use it to make a potential romantic partner feel the two of you are already an item. I call it the â€Å"Premature We. † In casual conversation, simply cut through levels one and two. Jump straight to three and four. Chemistry, charisma, and con? dence are three characteristics shared by big winners in all walks of life. Part One helped us make a dynamic, con? dent, and charismatic ? rst impression with body language. In Part Two, we put smooth small-talk lyrics to our body ballet. Then in Part Three, we seized hints from the big boys and big girls so we’re contenders for life’s big league. Part Four rescued us from being tongue-tied with folks with whom we have very lit- tle in common. And in Part Five, we learned techniques to create instant chemistry, instant intimacy, instant rapport. Mind boggling, isn’t it? Sociologists’ research shows: 1) a com- pliment from a new person is more potent than from someone you already know, 2) your compliment has more credibility when given to an unattractive person or an attractive person whose face you’ve never seen, 3) you are taken more seriously if you preface your comments by some self-effacing remark—but only if your listener perceives you as higher on the totem pole. If you’re lower, yourself-effacing remark reduces your credibility. Complicated, this complimenting stuff. Technique #51 Grapevine Glory A compliment one hears is never as exciting as the one he overhears. A priceless way to praise is not by telephone, not by telegraph, but by tell-a-friend. This way you escape possible suspicion that you are an apple-polishing, bootlicking, egg-sucking, back- scratching sycophant trying to win brownie points. You also leave recipients with the happy fantasy that you are telling the whole world about their greatness. Technique #52 Carrier Pigeon Kudos People immediately grow a beak and metamorphosize themselves into carrier pigeons when there’s bad news. It’s called gossip. ) Instead, become a carrier of good news and kudos. Whenever you hear something complimentary about someone, ? y to them with the compliment. Your fans may not posthumously stuff you and put you on display in a museum like Stumpy Joe. But everyone loves the carrier pigeon of kind thoughts. Carry More Cargo than Compliments Another wa y to warm hearts and win friends is to become a car- rier pigeon of news items that might interest the recipient. Call, mail, or E-mail people with information they might ? nd interesting. Technique #53 Implied Magnificence Throw a few comments into your conversation that resuppose something positive about the person you’re talking with. But be careful. Don’t blow it like the well- intentioned maintenance man. Or the southern boy who, at the prom, thought he was ? attering his date when he told her, â€Å"Gosh, Mary Lou, for a fat gal you dance real good. † Technique #54 Accidental Adulation Become an undercover complimenter. Stealthily sneak praise into the parenthetical part of your sentence. Just don’t try to quiz anyone later on your main point. The joyful jolt of your accidental adulation strikes them temporarily deaf to anything that follows. Technique #55 Killer Compliment Whenever you are talking with a stranger you’d like to make part of your professional or personal future, search for one attractive, speci? c, and unique quality he or she has. At the end of the conversation, look the individual right in the eye. Say his or her name and proceed to curl all ten toes with the Killer Compliment. Rule #1: Deliver your Killer Compliment to the recipi- ent in private. If you are standing with a group of four or ? ve people and you praise one woman for being ? t, every other woman feels like a barrel of lard. If you tell one man he has wonderful carriage, every other feels like a hunchback. You also make the blushing recipient uncomfortable. Rule #2: Make your Killer Compliment credible. For example, I’m tone-deaf. If I’m forced to sing even a simple song like â€Å"Happy Birthday,† I sound like a sick pig. If anyone in earshot were foolish enough to tell me they liked my voice, I’d know it was hogwash. Rule #3: Confer only one Killer Compliment per half year on each recipient . Otherwise you come across as insincere, groveling, obsequious, pandering, and a thoroughly manipulative person. Not cool. With careful aim, the Killer Compliment captures everyone. It works best, however, when you use it judiciously on new cquaintances. If you want to praise friends every day, employ the next technique. Technique #56 Little Strokes Don’t make your colleagues, your friends, your loved ones look at you and silently say, â€Å"Haven’t I been pretty good today? † Let them know how much you appreciate them by caressing them with verbal Little Strokes like â€Å"Nice job! † â€Å"Well done! † â€Å"Cool! † Technique #57 The Knee-Jerk â€Å"Wow! † Quick as a blink, you must praise people the moment they a ? nish a feat. In a wink, like a knee-jerk reaction say, â€Å"You were terri? c! † Don’t worry that they won’t believe you. The euphoria of the moment has a strangely numbing effect n the achiever’s objective judgment. Technique #58 Boomeranging Just as a boomerang ? ies right back to the thrower, let compliments boomerang right back to the giver. Like the French, quickly murmur something that expresses â€Å"That’s very kind of you. † Technique #59 The Tombstone Game Ask the important people in your life what they would like engraved on their tombstone. Chisel it into your memory but don’t mention it again. Then, when the moment is right to say â€Å"I appreciate you† or â€Å"I love you,† ? ll the blanks with the very wor ds they gave you weeks earlier. You take people’s breath away when you feed their eepest self-image to them in a compliment. â€Å"At last,† they say to themselves, â€Å"someone who loves me for who I truly am. † Technique #60 Talking Gestures Think of yourself as the star of a personal radio drama every time you pick up the phone. If you want to come across as engaging as you are, you must turn your smiles into sound, your nods into noise, and all your gestures into something your listener can hear. You must replace your gestures with talk. Then punch up the whole act 30 percent! Technique #61 Name Shower People perk up when they hear their own name. Use it more often on the phone than you would in person to eep their attention. Your caller’s name re-creates the eye contact, the caress, you might give in person. Saying someone’s name repeatedly when face-to-face sounds pandering. But because there is physical distance between you on the phoneâ₠¬â€sometimes you’re a conti- nent apart—you can spray your conversation with it. Technique #62 â€Å"Oh Wow, It’s You! † Don’t answer the phone with an â€Å"I’m just sooo happy all the time† attitude. Answer warmly, crisply, and professionally. Then, after you hear who is calling, let a huge smile of happiness engulf your entire face and spill over into your voice. You make your caller feel as hough your giant warm fuzzy smile is reserved for him or her. Technique #63 The Sneaky Screen If you must screen your calls, instruct your staff to ? rst say cheerfully, â€Å"Oh yes, I’ll put you right through. May I tell her who’s calling? † If the party has already identi? ed himself, it’s â€Å"Oh of course, Mr. Whoozit. I’ll put you right through. † When the secretary comes back with the bad news that Mr. or Ms. Bigwig is unavailable, callers don’t take it personally and never feel screened . They fall for it every time, just like I did. Technique #64 Salute the Spouse Whenever you are calling someone’s home, always identify nd greet the person who answers. Whenever you call someone’s of? ce more than once or twice, make friends with the secretary. Anybody who is close enough to answer the phone is close enough to sway the VIP’s opinion of you. Technique #65 What Color Is Your Time? No matter how urgent you think your call, always begin by asking the person about timing. Either use the What Color Is Your Time? device or simply ask, â€Å"Is this a convenient time for you to talk? † When you ask about timing ? rst, you’ll never smash your footprints right in the middle of your telephone partner’s sands of time. You’ll never get a â€Å"No! just because your timing wasn’t right. How to Impress Everyone with Your Outgoing Voicemail Message And here’s the secret: to give the impression you are really on top of your business, change your message every day. Studies show that callers perceive people to be brighter and more ef? cient when they hear an updated message each time they call. If appropriate, let callers know where you are and when you intend to be back. If you have customers who need to be attended to, this is crucial. Technique #66 Constantly Changing Outgoing Message If you want to be perceived as conscientious and eliable, leave a short, professional, and friendly greeting as your outgoing message. No music. No jokes. No inspirational messages. No boasts, bells, or whistles. And here’s the secret: change it every day. Your message doesn’t have to be ? awless. A little cough or stammer gives a lovely unpretentious reality to your message Technique #67 Your Ten-Second Audition ( just keep in suspense†¦. ) While dialing, clear your throat. If an answering machine picks up, pretend the beep is a big Broadway producer saying â€Å"Nexxxt. † Now you’ re on. This is Your Ten-Second Audition to prove you are worthy of a quick callback. Technique #68 The Ho-Hum Caper Instead of using your party’s name, casually let the pronoun he or she roll off your tongue. Forget â€Å"Uh, may I speak to Ms. Bigshot please? † Just announce, â€Å"Hi, Bob Smith here, is she in? † Tossing the familiar she off your tongue signals to the secretary that you and her boss are old buddies. Technique #69 â€Å"I Hear Your Other Line†(I can hear U other lyn†¦kuch kaam hai apko ussay..? When you hear a phone in the background, stop speaking—in midsentence, if necessary—and say â€Å"I hear your other line,† (or your dog barking, your baby crying, your spouse calling you). Ask whether she has o attend to it. Whether she does or not, she’ll know you’re a top communicator for asking. Technique #70 Instant Replay Record all your business conversations and listen to them again. The second or third time, you pick up on signi? cant subtleties you missed the ? rst time. It’s like football fans who often don’t know if there was a fumble until they see it all over again in Instant Replay. Use the Six-Point Party Checklist—the Who? When? Why? Where? What? and How? of a party—as your general game plan. Now let’s get down to speci? cs. Technique #71 Munching or Mingling Politicians want to be eyeball to eyeball and belly to elly with their constituents. Like any big winner well versed in the science of proxemics and spatial relationships, they know any object except their belt buckle has the effect of a brick wall between two people. Therefore they never hold food or drink at a party. Come to munch or come to mingle. But do not expect to do both. Like a good politician, chow down before you come. Technique #72 Rubberneck the Room When you arrive at the gathering, stop dramatically in the doorway. Then s-l-o-w-l-y survey the situation. Let your eyes travel back and forth like a SWAT team ready in a heartbeat to wipe out anything th at moves. Technique #73 Be the Chooser, Not the Choosee( baagha key tarah khaday mat raho.. jo bakra pasaand aaya usko manaao) The lifelong friend, the love of your life, or the business contact who will transform your future may not be at the party. However, someday, somewhere, he or she will be. Make every party a rehearsal for the big event. Do not stand around waiting for the moment when that special person approaches you. You make it happen by exploring every face in the room. No more â€Å"ships passing in the night. † Capture whatever or whomever you want in your life. Technique #75 Tracking Like an air-traf? controller, track the tiniest details of your conversation partners’ lives. Refer to them in your conversation like a major news story. It creates a power- ful sense of intimacy. When you invoke the last major or minor event in anyone’s life, it con? rms the deep conviction that he or she is an old-style hero around whom the world revolves. And people love you for recognizing their stardom. Technique #76 The Business Card Dossier Right after you’ve talked to someone at a party, take out your pen. On the back of his or her business card write notes to remind you of the conversation: his favorite restaurant, sport, movie, or drink; whom she dmires, where she grew up, a high school honor; or maybe a joke he told. In your next communication, toss off a reference to the favorite restaurant, sport, movie, drink, hometown, high school honor. Or reprieve the laugh over the great joke. Like a sales pro, ask yourself, â€Å"How can I change the subject to turn this person on? † Technique #77 Eyeball Selling The human body is a twenty-four-hour broadcasting station that transmits â€Å"You thrill me. † â€Å"You bore me. † â€Å"I love that aspect of your product. † â€Å"That one puts my feet to sleep. † Set the hidden cameras behind your eyeballs to pick up on all your customers’ and friends’ signals. Then plan your pitch and your pace accordingly. Technique #78 See No Bloopers, Hear No Bloopers Cool communicators allow their friends, associates, acquaintances, and loved ones the pleasurable myth of being above commonplace bloopers and embarrassing biological functions. They simply don’t notice their comrades’ minor spills, slips, fumbles, and faux pas. They obviously ignore raspberries and all other signs of human frailty in their fellow mortals. Big winners never gape at another’s gaffes. Technique #79 Lend a Helping Tongue Whenever someone’s story is aborted, let the interrup- tion play itself out. Give everyone time to dote on the little darling, give their dinner order, or pick up the jagged pieces of china. Then, when the group reassembles, simply say to the person who suffered story-interruptus, â€Å"Now please get back to your story. † Or better yet, remember where they were and then ask, â€Å"So what happened after the . . . † (and ? ll in the last few words). When asking someone for a favor, let them know how mu t means to you. You come across as a straight shooter, and the joy of helping you out is often reward enough. Don’t deny them th leasure! Technique #80 Bare the Buried WIIFM (and WIIFY) Whenever you suggest a meeting or ask a favor, divulge the respective bene? ts. Reveal what’s in it for you and what’s in it for the other person—even if it’s zip. If any hidden agenda comes up later, you get labeled a sly fox. Technique #81 Let ’Em Savor the Favor Whenever a friend agrees to a favor, allow your generous buddy time to relish the joy of his or her bene? cence before you make them pay the piper. How long? At least twenty-four hours. Technique #82 Tit for (Wait . . . Wait) Tat When you do someone a favor and it’s obvious that â€Å"he owes you one,† wait a suitable amount of time before asking him to â€Å"pay. Let him enjoy the fact (or ? ction) that you did it out of friendship. Don’t call in your tit for their tat too swiftly(fastly). Technique #83 Parties Are for Pratter There are three sacred safe havens in the human jungle where even the toughest tiger knows he must not attack. The ? rst of these is parties. Parties are for pleasantries and good fellowship, not for confrontations. Big players, even when standing next to their enemies at the buffet table, smile and nod. They leave tough talk for tougher settings. Technique #84 Dinner’s for Dining The most guarded safe haven respected by big winners is the dining table. Breaking bread together is a time when they bring up no unpleasant matters. While eating, they know it’s OK to brainstorm and discuss the positive side of the business: their dreams, their desires, their designs. They can free associate and come up with new ideas. But no tough business. Technique #85 Chance Encounters Are for Chitchat If you’re selling, negotiating, or in any sensitive communication with someone, do NOT capitalize on a chance meeting. Keep the melody of your mistaken meeting sweet and light. Otherwise, it could turn into your swan song with Big Winner. Technique #86 Empty Their Tanks If you need information, let people have their entire say ?rst. Wait patiently until their needle is on empty and the last drop drips out and splashes on the cement. It’s the only way to be sure their tank is empty enough of their own inner noise to start receiving your ideas. Technique #87 Echo the Emo Facts speak. Emotions shout. Whenever you need facts from people about an emotional situation, let them emote. Hear their facts but empathize like mad with their emotions. Smearing on the emo is often the only way to calm their emotional storm. Technique #88 My Goof, Your Gain Whenever you make a boner, make sure your victim ene? ts. It’s not enough to correct your mistake. Ask yourself, â€Å"What could I do for this suffering soul so he or she will be delighted I made the ? ub? † Then do it, fast! In that way, your goof will become your gain. Technique #89 Leave an Escape Hatch Whenever you catch someone lying, ? lching, exagger- ating, distorting, or deceiving, don’t confront the dirty duck directly. Unless it is your responsibility to catch or correct the culprit—or unless you are saving other innocent victims by doing so—let the transgressor out of your trap with his tricky puss in one piece. Then resolve never to gaze upon it again. Technique #90 Buttercups for Their Boss ( makhhan maarkay) Do you have a store clerk, accountant, law ? rm junior partner, tailor, auto mechanic, maitre d’, massage therapist, kid’s teacher—or any other worker you want special attention from in the future? The sure? re way to make them care enough to give you their very best is send a buttercup to their boss. Technique #91 Lead the Listeners No matter how prominent the big cat behind the podium is, crouched inside is a little scaredy-cat who is anxious about the crowd’s acceptance. Big winners recognize you’re a fellow big winner when they see you leading their listeners in a positive eaction. Be the ? rst to applaud or publicly commend the man or woman you agree with (or want favors from). Big winners—before putting pen to paper, ? ngers to key- board, mouth to phone, or hand to someone else’s to shake it— do a quick calculation. They ask themselves â€Å"Who has the most to bene? t from th is relationship? What has each of us done recently that demands deference from the other? † And what can I do to even the score? Remember, repeating an action makes a habit. Your habits create your character. And your character is your destiny. May success be your destiny. Cheer UP bro†¦. 😀 ***************

Hotel accounting system Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hotel accounting system - Case Study Example The lodging industry was apparently one of the first industries to enlarge â€Å"definitive standards to provide precise regulation to accountants and operators. The standards evolved since consistency of layout and arrangements were, and are, still not strained under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)." Those standards were and are controlled in the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI), which is published by the American Hotel and Motel Association. The USALI itself provides for up to 30 departmental statements, which include, in addition to those previously mentioned: telecommunications, garage and parking, golf shop, golf pro shop, guest laundry, health center, swimming pool, tennis, tennis pro shop, other operated departments, rentals and other income, human resources, information services, security, franchise fees, management fees, rent, property taxes and insurance, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, house la undry, salaries and wages and payroll taxes and employee benefits. (Collins, M. & Parsa, H. 2006)The principal differences between hotel's transactions and internal control and those of additional businesses are found in the revenue cycle. Room revenue is the mainly significant source of income to hotel. The front desk is the center of the hotel's operation and the place where the guest ledger, which abridges and accrues all charges to guests using the hotel facilities, is maintained. Several of the functions executed by front desk employees are registering guests, recording room revenue, recording food and beverage and other guest charges, checking out guests, and settling guests' bills. Ceria Holiday Ceria Holiday, which is positioned in tourist area in North America, operates guesthouses. The fee charged to Ceria's guests includes both accommodation and all meals. The management of Ceria applies strict financial control of its activities in consideration of the competitiveness of the industry and the seasonal nature of the business. In this meticulous case, the area that needs constant monitoring on the costs is the restaurant. The manager of the restaurant is given an annual budget at the beginning of each year. Each month he/she receives performance statement with the following postulations: The budget has been calculated on the basis of 30-day calendar month with the costs of rent and depreciation being an apportionment of the fixed annual charge. The budgeted catering wages presume that: There is one member of the catering staff for every 40 guests staying at the complex; The daily cost of member of the catering staff is RM30 All other budgeted costs are variable costs based on the number of guest days. While services at the Ceria Hotel are provided by the property, revenues are recorded and charged to the barter accountability. On the other hand, the expense is offset against the barter asset account when the service is acknowledged. For peripheral reporting purposes, USAL recommends that the asset and legal responsibility accounts be netted and reflected as contemporary asset or accountability. This will result in revenues and expenses connected with the barter transaction being reported in different periods. Ratio analysis, in common, comprises the same types of ratios used in approximately any industry. Nevertheless, there are few industry specialized ratios peculiar to hotels and/or restaurants of which one ought to be aware. Average Room Rate = Rooms Revenue divided by Paid Rooms Occupied. Average Food Check = Total Food Revenue divided by Number of Covers. Covers refer to guests served in the food operation during the interlude.(Collins, M. & Parsa, H. 2006) current vital addition is "RevPar", which stands for Revenue per Available Room. It is calculated as moreover: Rooms Revenue divided by Rooms Available for Sale, or as Rooms Revenue div

Tree in a field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tree in a field - Essay Example At the age of 15, Walter Kuhn sold the first drawing to a certain magazine; it is at this point that he began to sign his name as Walt. He would later enroll for evening art classes at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1893. Later, Kuhn lost interest on becoming artist and instead chose to sell bicycles in a shop at Brooklyn. He had a very dedicative personality and yet he would also be regarded as impulsive. By 1899, Kuhn was overwhelmed with the ideas from the American West. Though he only $60, he decided to move to California. In San Francisco, Kuhn began to draw cartoons to WASP magazine. He later moved to Paris in 1901and then enrolled in the formal class of the Academy Colarossi. He never got much exited with the learning and chose to move to Munich where he got opportunity to study under Barbizon Painter Heinrich von Zugel After 2 years, Kuhn returned to New York and found himself immersed in the booming art scene in New York. He helped manage the Kit Kat Club while at the same time he continued to work as an illustrator for local journals. The Kit Club was an organization which had a responsibility of raising funds for the scholarship at the Academy of Design. Kuhn staged his first exhibition in 1905 at Salmagundi Club, presenting himself both as a serious painter and a cartoonist. In the same year, Kuhn submitted his first illustration of the LIFE magazine. (Meally, Robert G., and Romare Bearden, 19) Kuhn in most of his time spent his summer in Fort Lee in New Jersey. This area provided him with a good environment for creativity which he needed to thrive in the industry. Kuhn would later join the New York School of art when they moved to the area as a member of the faculty. He later moved to New York where he got married to Vera Spier. They got one child Brenda Kuhn. At the point when his home life blossomed, his career too became better and better. In 1909, he spent the

The Russian Ruble crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Russian Ruble crisis - Assignment Example One, the economic hardships in Russia at the time had taken a political dimension. This derailed the government’s course to adhere to the targets set by IMF. Two, the tax system in Russia was so complicated to be aligned with the IMF requirements. Three, increasing public debts made it harder for the Russian government to implement IMF’s demands. Finally, the Russian government had other economic hardships that awaited its attention; among them persistent inflation and critically low ruble value. Russia’s tax cuts and increased government revenue had been deemed unachievable for quite some time. The early 2000s move and subsequent results proved otherwise. Reduced tax rates translated to increased government revenue. This was the case because individual and corporate tax payers considered compliance to be cheaper than evading tax payment. This realization did not mean that policy prescriptions by IMF were wrong. Rather, the Russian government took action with regard to its situation subject to having parted ways with the

Schubert Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Schubert - Research Paper Example After that he taught in his father’s school for few years but he never forgot his first love –that is music. During the time he was involved in teaching, he also composed several songs and two symphonies. He also gave music to his first written song â€Å"Gretchen am Spinnrade†, which later on became a masterpiece (Anderson, 2003). Wong (2011), in his writing analyzes the work of Schubert that enrich the world music. In his study, he pointed out his composition Trauerwalzer (or Sehnsuchtswalzer). Out of Schubert’s 36 waltzes compositions in Op. 9, this composition was the only one with a name assigned to it. This tune was common for all in Vienna and around since 1820. The original date of composition of this song was unknown but according to him the tentative year was 1816, when Schubert was 19 years old and not even famous.by, 1820 the composition got enough attention and very soon several renowned composers started to make a different version of this. A ccording to Wong, in the 19th century, a different name was associated with waltz†Beethoven†. In 1826, Trauerwalzer was mixed with another waltz composition and published as â€Å"Le Desir† and it was attributed to Beethoven. In his review, he described Schubert’s Op. 9 sets of composition as â€Å"little genii† , those† weave a web of fragrant airy threads†. ... (1999) in his study related to Schubert’s work, discussed the depth in his music.According to his analysis, the length of the music composed by Schubert did not sound boring as the compositions were translated into a sense of expectation and space . This space was there in his every creation from every angle. According to him the spaces in his music were subjective and imaginary, that makes his work more interesting. In his composition, sudden and minute changes in key, gave the impression like instant transformation into another realm. The intensity and the rapidness , which were associated with those changes make his work even more relaxed mood. According to Burnham,the themes of Schubert’s compositions were apparitions of truth. In his opinion, the power of any artist to capture their own image along with the feeling, when any composting like the same was already existing was a hard thing to do, but Schubert’s composition was able to do that easily. He did not make any changes to the composition which were already there, but adding something new to it like harmonic shock light up the composition every repeated time. The original value of his composition was not only confined to its growth or development, but it is the material itself which makes it so special (Burnham, 1999, p.2). According to Song (2012), the compositions of Schubert’s , mainly the piano compositions, were too long, with less formal coherence, and unpianistic. According to him, due to the above mentioned points his work was ineffective for any public gathering. In his writing, he mentioned Schubert’s work as potpourri and consist of random arrangement of some beautiful themes without being interconnected. In his writing he quoted â€Å"The survival of the theme as the theme is guaranteed by

Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nike - Essay Example Nike’s quest to become a global sports leader has fuelled the remarkable move to the more innovative digital marketing. The digital campaigns on the social media such as Facebook have enabled Nike to popularise the FuelBand among the target consumers. The social media has enabled Nike to communicate constantly with the customers. The Nike + FuelBand Community on the Facebook send messages of motivation to the users to acquire the FuelBand (Guarda). In effect, the digital and social marketing has facilitated the collection of information regarding consumer’s preferences, as well as choices. Nike has maintained consistency in its quest to communicate constantly with the customers in the social media, and position the FuelBand in the market. The company engages with the consumers and receives important feedback about the product. In effect, Nike has created a strong relationship with the consumers through the digital and social marketing strategies for long-term engagement (Guarda). The social media is an integral part of the business cycle, and Nike has seized the opportunity as it endeavours to position itself as a global sports leader by understanding the needs of the customers. Guarda, Dinis. Nike Takes Digital Data and Social Media Marketing Seriously. Web. 22nd Nov. 2014

Solar energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Solar energy - Essay Example Organizations and industry likewise utilize these technologies to broaden their energy sources, enhance productivity, and recovery cash. Sun based photovoltaic and concentrating sun powered force technologies are likewise being utilized by engineers and utilities to process power on a monstrous scale to power urban communities and residential areas. Sun powered force is generated by gathering daylight and changing over it into power. This is carried out by utilizing sun powered boards, which are vast even boards made up of numerous singular sunlight based cells. It is frequently utilized as a part of remote areas, in spite of the fact that it is getting to be more famous in urban territories too. This page holds articles that investigate propels in sunlight based energy engineering. Numerous individuals are acquainted with supposed photovoltaic cells, or sun powered boards, found on things like space apparatus, housetops, and handheld adding machines. The cells are made of semiconductor materials like those found in PC chips. The point when daylight hits the units, it thumps electrons detached from their molecules. As the electrons course through the unit, they produce power. On a much bigger scale, sunlight based warm power plants utilize different strategies to think the suns energy as a high temperature source. The high temperature is then used to bubble water to drive a steam turbine that produces power in much the same form as coal and atomic force plants, supplying power for many individuals. Sun powered energy is praised as a limitless fuel source that is contamination and regularly commotion free. The engineering is likewise flexible. For instance, sun based units produce energy for far-out spots like satellites in Earth circle and lodges profound in the Rocky Mountains as effectively as they can control downtown edifices and cutting edge autos. However sun powered energy doesnt work

History of Slavery in Colonial America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Slavery in Colonial America - Essay Example The Portuguese first utilized the slave trade around 1562 (Sylvester, 1998). The prime area for slaves was on the west coast of Africa called the Sudan. The peoples inhabiting the Sudan and surrounding areas were known for their skills in agriculture, farming, and mining. Europeans soon realized the commodity these skilled laborers could bring to their countries and began trading them regularly. African tribal wars produced captives, which became a bartering resource in the European slave market. Black and white slave hunters obtained those not captured during war. The main sources of barter used by the Europeans to secure African slaves were glass beads, whiskey, ivory, and guns. The first slaves to arrive in America were brought to the Jamestown settlement in 1619. A Dutch slave trader exchanged his cargo of Africans in that year (Becker, 1999). This was the first time an African set foot in the New World. The first slaves were brought to Jamestown as indentured servants, having to serve seven years for a master before gaining their freedom, the same as white indentured servants. This became a problem in latter years however, when the indentured servants were done with their time, they became competition for their masters and caused outrage among the predominantly white business world. There is some argument a... Some argue however, that the word servant as was used to describe the African slaves by the white settlers was the same inference that the word had in England, which was more akin to the more modern definition of slavery. These same scholars argue that southern plantation owners and slave masters still used the term "servants" to describe their slaves right up until the end of the Civil War. While white indentured servants where still the primary source for cheap labor in the colonies, tensions were growing between the poor workers and the newly emerging merchant class. The merchant class was now able to seize land and hold it as their own, regardless of the poor farmer's objections. The merchant class was also given the right to vote since they were technically landowners. This had the former indentured servants angry, and they were beginning to revolt. Bacon's Rebellion Slavery in the colonies grew in necessity following Bacon's Rebellion. Bacon's Rebellion occurred when a settler named Nathaniel Bacon disobeyed direct orders and seized a tribe of Native Americans for allegedly stealing his corn. Bacon was reprimanded and soon he began leading revolts against the Native Americans who had been attacking small out-lying farmers and their property. While Bacon was repeatedly reprimanded, his attacks continued and grew in their ferociousness. Bacon's rebellion ended when a group of his men surrounded Jamestown and burned it to the ground. The rebellion led the wealthy landowners of the time to begin to look elsewhere for cheap labor, fearing they too would have to endure another rebellion similar to that of Nathaniel Bacon (Bacon's 2005). With the emerging slave class in the colonies, twenty-five thousand and growing by 1700, came new laws

Use Transnational Teams to Globalize Your Company Essay

Use Transnational Teams to Globalize Your Company - Essay Example arning (1996).† The various models of transnational teams presented in the article show effectiveness and efficiency, and prove that transnational teams contribute the strategic, tactical and operational business strategies, goals and objectives. Aside from contributing to the overall thrust of the company, transnational teams also are a source of leadership, staffing challenges, able to communicate globally using modern and emerging technologies and often comprised of multidiscipline and multicultural team members. In the globalize world of today, transnational teams are at the center of this evolution and are contributing vastly to the improvement of business processes aligned with information technology and other emerging ideas. The idea of forming transnational teams has always been an innovative idea for companies to find their niche in the global market. The different scenarios presented in the article proves that transnational teams indeed work from setting up new technologies, opening new markets or starting a regional or branch office. But the thrust of any business is to increase the bottom line and satisfy stakeholders thus in utilizing transnational teams; the company enables transfer of technology, manufacturing or production facilities in Third World countries or emerging economies. The reason for this is the lower labor, production and overall operating costs. From the social responsibility point of view, there could be questions of exploitations or unfair labor practices, and these are just one of the few issues that adjuncts to globalization and transnational teams. Aside from these, forming transnational teams with differing cultural and social beliefs may take time to fully enable the team t o work together. As Snow et al. states: â€Å"Today’s international companies – even large, sophisticated global leaders – probably will discover that they must dramatically improve their human resources departments to support transnational teams

The thematic role of tradition in “Jude the Obscure” Essay Example for Free

The thematic role of tradition in â€Å"Jude the Obscure† Essay Hardy as a purely Victorian writer (Carpenter, 1964) felt, however, a degree of cognitive dissonance and inner inconsistence with the existing realities, in particular, with the social pressure and the dissolution of individuality in the countless traditions and rituals. The novel â€Å"Jude the Obscure† demonstrates the Victorian mores from a peculiar viewpoint, in terms of the opposition between the spiritual nature of the personality, their aspirations, ambitions and longings, and the clutches of tradition that encumber the characters in their self-actualization. In the present novel, the role of tradition is demonstration through the lens of family, cross-gender relationships and social class. Traditionalism seems to blossom in the realm of cross-gender relationships, as they are strongly regulated by the society. In order to illustrate this assumption, it is necessary to analyze the situation Jude encounters after having dated with Arabella for certain time. Due to the fact that their relationships implied no mutual responsibility, Jude decides to leave the girl after his infatuation decays: â€Å" â€Å" I am going away†, he said to her. â€Å"I think I ought to go. I think it will be better for you and for me. I wish some things had never begun! I was much so blame, I know. But it is never too late to mend† â€Å" (Hardy, Part 1, Ch. 9, 1994, at http://www. gutenberg. org). The young woman, in her turn, from the very beginning of their affair, dreams about the marriage to him, because of the persistent social tradition, which prescribes the only model of livelihood for women, which is marriage. Moreover, single women are always criticized and treated as â€Å"peculiar†, the Victorian tradition even attributes mental disorders to such individuals only for their marital status; due to the fact that the stereotypes associated with spinsters are very unattractive, Arabella is eager to observe the social tradition and create her family as early as possible. Women by the tradition are supposed to be more interested in marriage therefore. In terms of cross-gender relationships, it is also important to outline the development of the affection between Jude and Sue, his cousin. Jude gets attracted to the girl after seeing her portrait, but, being aware of his marital status, he doesn’t allows himself to approach the girl: â€Å"The first reason was that he was married, and it would be wrong. The second was that they were cousins. It was not well for cousins to fall in love even when circumstances seemed to favour the passion. The third, even were he free, in a family like his own where marriage usually meant a tragic sadness, marriage with a blood-relations would duplicate the adverse conditions† (Hardy, Part 2, Ch. 2, 1994 at http://www. gutenberg. org). As one can see, the most important reasons are close-knit to the socially imposed perspectives of cross-gender relationships: in order to avoid blaming rumors and gossips, Jude at first deliberately creates a barrier even to the friendship with Sue. The dominance of traditions, regulating and controlling family, are to great extent similar to the previous group, as any relationship between a man and a woman (except the cases of close kinship) are considered a potential family. The family should be officially registered and approved by both secular and clerical institutions – only in this case the children, born in this partnership, are legitimate. In this sense, even though Jude is unwilling to marry Arabella, he gives his complete consent after learning that his girlfriend is pregnant. Moreover, the family-oriented tradition of the epoch harshly discriminates these children, so that they bear the burden of their parents’ â€Å"social disobedience†. Consequently, the young woman’s pregnancy appears false, but Arabella’s manipulations seem partially justified by the society, as they are directed to the creation of family, a structural unit, which is easier to control in the macro- and mezzosocial levels. Arabella’s friend, Anne, even demonstrates childlike glee after learning about the method the young wife has lassoed Jude: â€Å"Mistaken! Well, that’s clever – it’s real stroke of genius! It is a thing I never thought o’ wi’ all my experience! † (Hardy, Part 1, Ch. 9, 1994). Another vital point of the depiction of the societal regulation in terms of family can be found in the beginning of Sue and Jude’s cohabitation and the subsequent scandal. It begins with the response of Mr. Gillingham, Phillotson’s friend, with who the man shares information that sue, his wife, intends to live with another man. Gillingham seems to speak in the name of the whole society, in the present dialogue he embodies the pressure of social tradition: â€Å" But- you see, there’s the question of neighbours and society – what will happen if everybody – [†¦] I am quite amazed, to tell the truth, that such a sedate, plodding fellow as you should have entertained such a craze for a moment, You said when I called that she was puzzling and peculiar: I think you are! † (Hardy, Part 4, Ch. 4, 1994). The responsibility for the wife’s adultery is traditionally placed to great extent upon her spouse; both this quotation and the fact that Phillotson is threatened with termination of his employment because of Sue’s behavior points to the idea that woman is not merely inferior, she is also viewed by society as an infantile create, who should be â€Å"reared† and â€Å"brought up† by her spouse. After Sue and Jude begin to live together, they become severely ostracized by the society. First of all, Jude becomes a stonemason, as no other work is available to him, whereas Sue works as a street seller. Learning that the couple are not married, all lodging owners refuse the take sue and Jude, even though they travel with young children and thus need an accommodation as soon as possible. Therefore, the scorn for the couple living without official registration of their partnership is even stronger than the pity for the infants, as the children ,born in such an affair, can not be equated to legitimate children; and the social tradition which normally prescribes that society take care about minors, ignores their needs. The tragic ending of the novel can also be interpreted as the victory of social tradition. In fact, Sue and Jude’s children are murdered by Jude and Arabella’s son; â€Å"He looked in bewilderment round the room. At the back of the door were fixed two hooks for hanging garments, and from these the form of the two youngest children were suspended, by a piece of box-cord round each of their necks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hardy, Part 6, Ch. 2). Importantly, Little Father Time was born in the wedlock, i. e. he symbolically has more rights, freedoms and entitlements in the family, comparing to other children. His name also points to the fact that he represents the interests of the epoch as well as its social tradition. Thus, the deaths of the children are a symbolic punishment, imposed by the social tradition for committing adultery and not creating a full-fledged family. In terms of social class, tradition is represented, first and foremost, in the point of Jude’s efforts towards getting access to education. Due to the fact that his only caregiver, his aunt, is a baker, she would wish him to remain within the working class, and when young Jude asks her about Christminster and education, she responds that his future livelihood could not be combined with education, moreover, that their family has nothing in common with the intellectual circles form the city. The woman therefore refers to the Victorian tradition, which strictly determines interclass boundaries, stratifies individuals, and creates obstructions to their penetration to the higher class. To sum up, as depicted in the novel, social traditions regulate the most important areas of human life, including the relationships between genders, marriage and family as well as career and class behavior. As one can see from the novel, social traditions is extremely critical to any cross-gender relationships that do not imply official marriage, in which the man and woman, however, have disproportionate interest. Uniting into families is viewed as the most appropriate and traditionally approved way of social interaction, whereas individuals, living in an unregistered partnership, are marginalized. As for the social class, the tradition seeks to retain individual within their strata through regulating the access to education, training and employment. Due to the fact that the major plotline in â€Å"Jude the Obscure† is built upon the combination of these three representations, the role of social tradition is strong in the writing, moreover, with respect to the aforementioned obstructions and judgments the society develops in response to the characters’ actions, one can understand that Hardy addresses it in the negative, rather then positive or supportive tones. Works cited Carpenter, R. Thomas Hardy. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1964. Hardy, T. Jude the Obscure. 23 September 1994, http://www. gutenberg. org/files/153/153-8. txt

Describe the main grievances of the Russian people Essay Example for Free

Describe the main grievances of the Russian people Essay In the early 19th century Russia was still a typical pre-modern society. A century later it had been transformed. The main changes that effected the Russian community took place in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries. Although the country was prospering in terms of economy, 80 per cent of the population were classified as peasant who lived in small farming villages that were using primitive farming methods. At the beginning of the 20th century, half the Russian population was illerate. This may have been due to the fact that until the 1860s the peasants had not been set free, although the Emancipation Act was attempting to correct this, not much had changed. Industrial growth after the abolition of serfdom did not really help progress the economy. One school of thought expected that the abolition of serfdom would create a spontaneous upsurge in industrialisation. The Emancipation act did nothing to stimulate a sudden upsurge in industrialisation, but it did not entirely block economic progress either. Though the size of peasant allotments did remain roughly equal, the amounts they actually farmed did not, because poorer households, with insufficient labour or livestock to farm their own allotments, rented them to wealthier peasants who could farm extra land. Industrial production did not grow rapidly, and by the 1900 Russia had a well-established base for further industrial development and an extensive railway network. The record for the agricultural sector was unimpressive, even though agriculture remained by far the largest sector of the economy. Growth was thus rapid but unbalanced. While industry expanded, the living conditions of large sections of the peasantry declined. Industrial development was therefore felt for the most part as a decline rather then a rise in material living standards. The problem for most people was how to cope with deteriorating economic conditions. The increased tax burden was combined with growing land shortage. Between 1860 and 1900 the average allotment per male peasant had declined about 46 per cent. At the same time, a growing number of poor peasants did not have the livestock necessary to work and manure their land. Declining land holdings and rising taxes had a profound effect on the peasantry. They meant the peasants who in the past had been able to support themselves mainly from the land, now had to adopt one of two strategies, either sell their grain for cash, or seek monetary incomes/wages. Russian industrial development favoured not the manufacture of consumer goods, but that of producer goods such as iron. In other words it did little to increase the availability or cheapness of consumer goods or increase material living standards. On the contrary, it affected people above all through an increase in the taxation necessary to pay for industrial development. Although the country was prospering in terms of economy, eighty per cent of the population were classified as peasant who lived in small farming villages that were using primitive farming methods. At the beginning of the 20th century, half of the Russian population was illiterate. This may have been due to the fact that until the 1860s the peasants had not been se free, although the Emancipation Act was attempting to correct this, not much had changed.

The Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company Business of trading had began during the mid 15th century on April 2, 1595, when very first three ships named Mauritius, Hollandia, Amsterdam had left of together in the search of the eastern coast. By august of 1595 only three ships had successfully returned with only 87 alive out of 249 crew sailors. They had earned moderate amount of profit. Their first attempt to sail towards the east had been miraculously successful which opened several trading routes with numerous others traders wanting to trade as well, including traders from Zeeland, Holland and Portugal. The English were not happy as it was a free trading business and every other country were taking advantage of it, especially the Portuguese. Due to this the spice trade in 16th century, were overpowered by the Portuguese. Investment in a venture during those days was very risky, due to the inelastic demand and elastic supply of spices that would bring prices up and down. Therefore in order to limit the competition Johan Van Oldenbarneveldt decided to monopolize the trade by establishing a trading company named Dutch East India Company, which would be only operated by a group of Dutch merchants. The company was granted a monopoly over Asian market trades. The first Dutch trading post was established on March 20th, 1602 in Banten West Java that marked the beginning of the independent trading companies. On that day, with the monopoly to trade spices all over the Asian markets and Asian Waters from the Cape of Good Hope. The Dutch East India company was also known as Vereenigde Landsche Ge-Oktroyeerde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC, or United East Indian Company. The executive directors of VOC were called Heeren Swewtien or Lord Seventeen. The company had six chambers in Amsterdam, Middleburg Enkhuizen, D elft, Hoorn and Rotterdam. VOC was granted an official monopoly for trading spices all over East Asia. Henry Hudson was an English explorer navigator, was in search for finding a shortest northeast route, but he sailed into a Half Moon to Spitsbergen in the Barents Sea in the northern coast of Russia to a stop with an extreme ice and cold. In 1608 Hudson was hired by Dutch East India Company. Dutch East India Company wanted Henry to find the shortest sailing route to Asia from the coast of Russia, in order to expand its business. Hudson had faced failure every time he left with his ship Good Hope and crew, in search for finding the shortest route, most of the time due to the severe weather conditions, had forced him return to England. Due to this Dutch East India Company had lost his hope in Hudson. In 1611 Hudson made his final journey to the east with his crew in the same ship Good Hope and never returned back as they had starved to death, as he was never heard again. Characteristics The Dutch East India Company was the first northern Europe Company that took trading routes away from the Germanic Hanseatic League, which was a group of seven German merchants who established trading through northern Europe, before VOC. This company controlled trading mostly in Italy, but when VOC came along it started off with a great success in trading all across Europe. They usually bought goods in bulk which were rarely sold at reduced cost by their competitor Germanic Henseatic League. Further on Dutch East India Company set up factories in Bandar, on Persian Gulf and bantam on Malay Archipelago, and in Zealander (new name Taiwan) to help Portuguese in their spice trade for eastern coast. By 1620, the Dutch East India Company had the biggest trading corporation in all across Europe. The Dutch East India Company was a joint venture stock company that monopolized the trade of spice in the 16th and 17th century. They established trading ports all across Asia. The 17th Century was ruled by the Dutch, were Amsterdam was their major spice trading center. Their trading would include colonial goods such as pepper and Nutmeg. The company had signed authoritarian power treaties, under the name of Republic, which gave the company authorities to wage war and to conquer territories. In 1619 VOC had conquered Jayakarta by the false use of authoritarian powers and founded Batavia there. By conquering territories it was believed that by doing this it will now help them seek to become other territories friends, which later on turned out incorrect. Populations of several other territories in Mulluccas islands in Indonesia were empowered to forcefully cultivate spices; similar enforcement were applied in Asia either by persuasion or violence. Forts were forcefully built in South Africa, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. China and Japan had refused in letting any foreigners coming in by closing countries borders. But VOC had received permission to continue its trading activity by the nearby island named Decima near Nagasaki. Main Line of Business Dutch trades had taken over the world in their trading business; their controlled trade routes include Baltic and North Sea, establishing factories, ports and settlements all across Asia and pacific including Arabia, India, China, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Japan. By doing this Dutch East India Company has been able to stock its warehouses with colonial goods with foreign spices, and goods. Out of all the territories Asia had suffered the most being forcefully cultivating spices and giving up their minerals such as spices, textiles, coffee, tea, tobacco, opium, tropical wood, iron, copper, silver, gold, porcelain, dyes, shells etc, were forcefully captivated and transported by the Dutch East India Company. In 1652 Dutch trade expands by setting refueling stations in Africa, at the Cape of Good Hope. They had also opened several other ports in India and Malay Archipelago. But their headquarters were tactfully placed at Batavia and in Malay Archipelago. In 1641 VOC had conquered Malacca from Portuguese. Meanwhile, by 1656 another few headquarters were strategically build in Chinsura, Benegal, Colombo (Sri Lanka), and followed by placing harbor at Malbar in India. Upon Japans refusal in being involved with any foreign Trade with VOC, VOC enforced exclusive authoritarian rights to trade at Nagasaki in 1639. In next few years their Expansion of ports, headquarters and refueling stations, numerously increased, with that increased their authoritarian power over all the territories into forcing them to cultivating what they wanted them to. Managed and Governed The Dutch East India Company was in power from 1602-1798; it was governed and chartered by Governor-Generals of Netherlands which were assigned by the Dutch Government. The first Governor-General ever appointed by the Dutch Government was Pieter Both in 1610. There were hundreds of Governor-General that came along in the Dutch East India Company, each of them approximately ruled between 2-10 years, and all of their aims were to expand the trade as much as possible and maintain close relations between government and its entrepreneur enterprises across the world, focusing mostly on Asia. The company had a charter granted by States of General of the United Netherlands, on March 20th, 1602. The company was entitled to follow every written in the charter. Historical Significance One of the major historical significance of VOC in the history of business is that they were the first ones to build an entire empire of trading in numerous countries. Their dedicating effort and willingness to find the sailing routes, to Asia, turned out to be a great success, which opened tremendous amount of opportunity for them to trade, and VOC strategically took complete advantage of the opportunities available out there. Impacts of Dutch East India Company in history are like two sides of coin, there are good and bad effects. Yet we can learn from both kinds of impacts. One of the major historical entrepreneurial importance of VOC was that, that they the first ever multinational corporation in the entire world, with the joint venture stock company. They were also the worlds largest commercial entity in 17th and 18th century, which employed approximately 30,000 people. Yet the Dutch East India Companys historical significance still remains remarkably iniquitous, to several territories as to upon their strict refusal to trade goods; VOC were still able to get them to cultivate and trade goods against their will with either by persuasion or violence.

Women for Women International - Fighting for Women’s Rights Around the World :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Women for Women International - Fighting for Women’s Rights Around the World Women for Women International is an operation that aides women survivors of war, civil conflict, and injustices, and helps them to become self sufficient and educate them on rights awareness. They promote stability, peace, and self sufficiency through matching programs, donations and micro credit loans (WomenforWomen). I chose to write about this organization because I had just finished the book â€Å"Honour Lost† by Norma Khouri. This is a love story in modern day Jordan between a Muslim woman and a Christian man; and though all they did was spend time together talking, the woman was killed by her father for disgracing her family. Her murder was classified as an honour killing and her father faced minimal to no punishment. Women for Women International addresses the problem of honour killings and tries to educate people of the tragic issue through their website. Under the â€Å"Women in the World Today† link on the top of their homepage there is a column of issu es, and you click on the issue of your interest. â€Å"Honor killing is a practice in which men kill female relatives for activities where the female dishonors the family reputation, including†¦ rape. Thousands of girls and women all over the world are murdered by their families each year in the name of family honor†¦flirting, being a victim of rape, or even failing to serve a meal on time can all be perceived as disgracing the family's honor†¦women are killed on the basis of a mere suspicion and are never given an opportunity to contest†¦In one extreme case, a man's dream of his wife's adultery was enough to elicit lethal violence (WomenforWomen).† The organization was started in the early 1990’s by Zainab Salbi and Amjad Attallah who were moved by the plight of women in Yugoslavia that had been forced into and survived the rape and concentration camps. Under the â€Å"Our Heritage† link found at the top of the homepage you learn that Zainab and Amjad were disappointed to be unable to find an organization that helped these women and they joined The All Souls Unitarian Church traveling and providing aid in Croatia. After their trip they returned to the United States and decided to form their organization. They started off small and have grown to connect over 40,000 women worldwide (WomenforWomen).

Alexander the Great Essay -- Biography

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanity has known a few distinguished consolidators of civilizations. Alexander the Great is one of them, and the first to accumulate power in his hand beyond any conqueror’s dream. His feats served as guidelines for other rulers like Cesar Augustus and Napoleon, who, by means of outstanding military prowess, conquered and ruled most of the civilized world of their times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was born in 356 B.C., as the son of King Philip II and Olympias. He was taught by the great philosopher, Aristotle, inspiring him in the fields of, philosophy and medicine. Although he had a broader view of humanity than that of Aristotle’s perception, that all non-Greeks, should be treated as slaves. Alexander, after the death of his father, King Philip II in 336 BC, was to become the next king of Macedonia at the tender age of 20. Although young, Alexander was determined and willing to become the next great king of Macedonia. Because of his young age Greek cities, who had pledged loyalty to his father, were not certain that they wanted to allow a twenty-year-old boy to lead a kingdom. Also, barbarians from the north and west, whom Philip had repressed, were becoming a threat to Macedonia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those close to Alexander had recommended that he let Athens and Thebes go and be careful with the barbarians to prevent them from rebelling. Alexander however, had other plans. So he proceeded north, and drove the barbarians past the Danube River. The rumor of Alexander’s supposed death, were being spread throughout Athens and Thebes, claiming that it was the moment for them to disconnect from Macedonia. Infuriated by these rumors, Alexander showed up at the gates of Thebes, in 335 B.C., only to find the refusal of surrender by the Thebans. The Thebans sent a small body of soldiers, with whom Alexander sent his own of archers and infantry. The following day, Alexander's general, Perdiccas, attacked the gates. The Macedonians then rushed into the city, killing almost everyone in sight, including women and children. They continued on and burned the entire city of Thebes to the ground. This display proved as an example to the rest of Greece. Athens quickly rethought their decision of before to not follow Alexander, and chose to come to terms with their new leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was determined to achieve the dream of his father, the takeover of the Persian Empire. T... ...ly three quarters of his army to starvation and the harsh conditions of the desert. When the survivors reached the region called Carmania, their fortune changed dramatically as they were welcomed into the prosperous land. Alexander and his men celebrated the end of their ordeal in the desert and traveled in luxury to Harmezeia, where they rejoined Nearchus and his soldiers. Then the whole army marched inland to Persis to rest. In 324 B.C.E., Alexander furthered his mission to assimilate Macedonian and Persian cultures when he arranged thousands of marriages between the Greek soldiers and Persian women in Susa. Alexander himself took a second wife, Stateira, one of Darius' daughters. In the spring of the same year while Alexander's army was stationed in Ecbatana, his best friend, Hephaestion, died of a fever. He was overcome with grief, and he consoled himself by leading a campaign against a tribe of brigands called the Cossaeans. The next year, Alexander traveled with his men to Babylon despite numerous threatening omens. The omens were so frequent and ominous that Alexander feared that he had fallen out of favor with the gods. He died of a fever on June 10, 323 B.C.E. Alexander the Great Essay -- Biography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanity has known a few distinguished consolidators of civilizations. Alexander the Great is one of them, and the first to accumulate power in his hand beyond any conqueror’s dream. His feats served as guidelines for other rulers like Cesar Augustus and Napoleon, who, by means of outstanding military prowess, conquered and ruled most of the civilized world of their times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was born in 356 B.C., as the son of King Philip II and Olympias. He was taught by the great philosopher, Aristotle, inspiring him in the fields of, philosophy and medicine. Although he had a broader view of humanity than that of Aristotle’s perception, that all non-Greeks, should be treated as slaves. Alexander, after the death of his father, King Philip II in 336 BC, was to become the next king of Macedonia at the tender age of 20. Although young, Alexander was determined and willing to become the next great king of Macedonia. Because of his young age Greek cities, who had pledged loyalty to his father, were not certain that they wanted to allow a twenty-year-old boy to lead a kingdom. Also, barbarians from the north and west, whom Philip had repressed, were becoming a threat to Macedonia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those close to Alexander had recommended that he let Athens and Thebes go and be careful with the barbarians to prevent them from rebelling. Alexander however, had other plans. So he proceeded north, and drove the barbarians past the Danube River. The rumor of Alexander’s supposed death, were being spread throughout Athens and Thebes, claiming that it was the moment for them to disconnect from Macedonia. Infuriated by these rumors, Alexander showed up at the gates of Thebes, in 335 B.C., only to find the refusal of surrender by the Thebans. The Thebans sent a small body of soldiers, with whom Alexander sent his own of archers and infantry. The following day, Alexander's general, Perdiccas, attacked the gates. The Macedonians then rushed into the city, killing almost everyone in sight, including women and children. They continued on and burned the entire city of Thebes to the ground. This display proved as an example to the rest of Greece. Athens quickly rethought their decision of before to not follow Alexander, and chose to come to terms with their new leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was determined to achieve the dream of his father, the takeover of the Persian Empire. T... ...ly three quarters of his army to starvation and the harsh conditions of the desert. When the survivors reached the region called Carmania, their fortune changed dramatically as they were welcomed into the prosperous land. Alexander and his men celebrated the end of their ordeal in the desert and traveled in luxury to Harmezeia, where they rejoined Nearchus and his soldiers. Then the whole army marched inland to Persis to rest. In 324 B.C.E., Alexander furthered his mission to assimilate Macedonian and Persian cultures when he arranged thousands of marriages between the Greek soldiers and Persian women in Susa. Alexander himself took a second wife, Stateira, one of Darius' daughters. In the spring of the same year while Alexander's army was stationed in Ecbatana, his best friend, Hephaestion, died of a fever. He was overcome with grief, and he consoled himself by leading a campaign against a tribe of brigands called the Cossaeans. The next year, Alexander traveled with his men to Babylon despite numerous threatening omens. The omens were so frequent and ominous that Alexander feared that he had fallen out of favor with the gods. He died of a fever on June 10, 323 B.C.E.

Bill Clinton :: Essays Papers

Bill Clinton Born on Aug. 19, 1946, in Hope, Ark., William (Bill) Jefferson Blythe IV grew up in a troubled home. His father had died in an automobile accident three months before his son's birth, and his mother later was forced to leave her two-year-old son with his grandparents when she moved to New Orleans to pursue her nursing studies. The family settled in Hot Springs, Ark., after his mother married Roger Clinton, whose surname Bill later adopted. As a young man, Bill was determined to succeed and frequently earned academic honors, including selection as a delegate to the American Legion Boy's Nation program in Washington, D.C., where the 16-year-old Clinton met Pres. John F. Kennedy and determined to embark on a political career. Attending Georgetown University to study international affairs, Clinton served as an intern for Sen. J. William Fulbright of Arkansas before receiving his B.S. degree in 1968. After winning a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford University, Clinton returned to the United States to enroll at Yale Law School. In 1972 he helped to manage presidential candidate George McGovern's Texas campaign. After graduating from law school in 1973, Clinton returned to Arkansas to teach and to plan his political career. On Oct. 11, 1975, he married Hillary Rodham, a fellow law student he had met at Yale. After 12 years of Republican control of the presidency, Clinton came to office amid high expectations for fundamental policy change. Early in his administration he reversed a number of Republican policies. He ended the federal prohibition on the use of fetal tissue for medical research, repealed rules restricting abortion counseling in federally funded health clinics, and used his appointment power to fulfill a promise to place many women and minorities in prominent government positions. Although backed by a Congress controlled by the Democratic party, Clinton found it difficult to change the course of national priorities during his first two years in office. Early in his administration several of his appointees encountered congressional disapproval. His proposal to end the ban on homosexuals in the military met with widespread opposition from Congress, the military, and the public and had to be altered substantially. Clinton had promised to reverse the Bush policy of returning Haitian refugees to their homeland, but he eventually decided to continue implementing his predecessor's plan. The failure to enact comprehensive health-care reform proved to be a major setback for Clinton.

Life and Oxygen Essay

This assignment requires answering questions based on the exhibit â€Å"The Earliest Traces of Life† at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. The exhibit that you are to see is on the right side as you enter the Rotunda from Jefferson Street. Enter the exhibit hall under the dinosaur banner. As you go through this doorway, the exhibit is located to the right. For additional information on the location, hours, ect., go the museum web site at www.mnh.si.edu and click on the Information desk link. Study the exhibit and answer the following questions. Submit your answers in Blackboard. Please view the short movie that comes along with the exhibit. Early Atmosphere 1. How abundant was oxygen in the early atmosphere? The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere was abundant, however, due harmful radiation waves from the sun, photosynthetic systems such as plants were not able to evolve thus leaving the state of oxygen subtle. 2.What evidence do scientists have that the oxygen content of our atmosphere has increased since the earth’s origin? The O-zone layer is composed of 3 oxygen atoms formed after photosynthetic organisms release an extra oxygen molecule into the atmosphere. 2. Why is oxygen more abundant in the atmosphere today? Because of the high amount of plants that produce oxygen which were not here in the early stages of life on earth 3. What are stromatolites? Stromatolites are the bindings of microorganisms on rocks and stones, usually submerged underwater, these rocks are usually used as samples for the earliest signs of life 4. What do scientists think is implied by the presence of stromatolites in Precambrian rock? Scientists would conclude that life was formed underwater and the process of evolution eventually allowed multi-cellular organisms to make their way off the ocean and/or bodies of water. 5. What is ozone and how is it produced? The o-zone layer is the protective layer made of 3 oxygen atoms, it is usually formed by the extra oxygen resulted from a photosynthetic organism. 6. Why is ozone important to life today? Because it protects us from ultra-violet rays from the sun which are extremely harmful and sometimes fatal to all life forms. 7. What effect did increased levels of oxygen in the atmosphere have on early life forms? It caused organisms that were not light and/or oxygen dependent to disappear as mammals and other multi-cellular organisms began to take over.